SORU 1.
-----.
According to Kant, knowledge about space is synthetic, in that statements about
space are not simply true by virtue of the meaning of the words in the
statement. In his work, Kant rejected the view that space must be either a
substance or relation. Instead he came to the conclusion that space and time
are not discovered by humans to be objective features of the world, but are part
of an unavoidable systematic framework for organizing our experiences.
A) Furthermore, in Einstein's general theory of relativity, it is postulated that space-time is geometrically distorted- curved -near to gravitationally significant masses
B) In the 18th century the German philosopher Immanuel
Kant developed a theory of knowledge in which knowledge about space can be both
a priori and synthetic
C) According to Albert Einstein's theory of general
relativity, space around gravitational fields deviates from Euclidean space
D) Newton took space to be more than relations between
material objects and based his position on observation and experimentation
E) In the 19th century mathematicians began to examine
non-Euclidean geometries, in which space can be said to be curved, rather than
flat
SORU 2.
In 1887 physicists were feeling pretty smug about their subject. They thought they understood reality well, and that the future would just be one of ever more precise measurements. -----. The next three decades turned physics on its head, with the discovery of electrons, atomic nuclei, radioactivity, quantum theory and the theory of relativity. But the grit in the pearl for all this was a strange observation made that year by two researchers called Albert Michelson and Edward Morley that the speed of light was constant, no matter how fast the observer was travelling.
A) Atoms sticking together in molecules or crystals are said to be bonded with one another
B) Space is the boundless, three-dimensional extent in which objects and events occur and have relative position and direction
C) They could not have been more wrong
D) In fact, physicians and surgeons were once members of separate professions, and traditionally were rivals
E) Physics also made significant contributions through advances in new technologies arising from theoretical breakthroughs
There is debate about whether the rise in IQ scores also corresponds to
a rise in intelligence, or a rise in skills related to taking IQ tests. Because
children attend school longer now and have become much more familiar with the
testing of school-related material, one might expect the greatest gains to
occur on such school content-related tests as vocabulary, arithmetic or general
information. The greatest Flynn effects occur instead for tests that measure
latent factors. -----.
A) Duration of average schooling
has increased steadily
B) It results in economic losses
that might affect the whole country
C) The rise in IQ test scores is
wholly explained by an increase in general intelligence.
D) For example, Dutch conscripts
gained 21 points during only 30 years, or 7 points per decade, between 1952 and
1982.
E) There is a controversy as to
whether the US racial gap in IQ scores is diminishing.
SORU 4.
The
Earth's crust is an extremely thin layer of rock, like the skin of an apple in
relative terms. -----. But the crust is exceptionally important, and not just
because we live on it. It can be thicker than 80 kilometers in some
spots, less than one kilometer in others. It is primarily made of granite and
basalt while the mantle beneath is made of peridotite.
A) It amounts to less than half of 1 percent of the
planet.
B) Oceanic crust covers about 60 percent of the Earth's
surface.
C) Until just a century ago, we didn't know the Earth has
a crust.
D) In addition, basaltic rocks underlie the seafloors and
granitic rocks make up the continents.
E) Actually the interior of the moon is layered into a
hard, outer crust.
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