GRAMER (Grammar)

AÇIKLAMALI İNGİLİZCE DİL BİLGİSİ 

Articles (Harf-i Tarifler)

a/ an

one yerine:

she has a brother

sıfat tamlamalarında:

a young man, a difficult exam

mesleklerde:

She is a nurse.

He is an engineer.

bir grubu genellerken

A doctor should be patient.

ilk defa bahsedilen seyler:

Suddenly there was a bright light.

her manasında:

two times a week, once a year

her zaman çoğul olarak kullanılan kelimeler:

a pair of shoes, a pair of glasses

sayılamayan nesneler:

a sum of bread, apiece of chocolate

* okunuşu sessiz harfle başlayan kelimelerde a:

a doctor, a car, a university

* okunusu sesli harfle baslayan kelimelerde an:

an optimist, an FBI agent, an honor for him, an hour,

the

daha önceden bahsedilmis seyler:

Suddenly there was a bright light. Then the light turned grey.

tek olan seyler:

the moon, the sun

superlative form:

the most important thing, the ugliest woman

2

ne olduğu açıkça anlasılan seyler:

the weather is getting cold.

bazı sıfatlarla çoğul yapmak için:

the poor, the young

milletler:

The English, The French

tanınmıs yapılar:

The Eiffel Tower, The Pyramids, The Topkapı Palace

unvanlar:

The President, The Ambassador

kanal, çöl, okyanus, nehir, deniz isimlerinden önce:

the Panama Canal, the Sahara, the Pacific, the Nile, the Black Sea

tamlama seklindeki yer isimleri (of içeren):

the Gulf of Mexico, Republic of Malta

zero article ( article almayanlar)

özel isimler:

Mrs. Thompson, Steven

bir türün geneli:

Storks can fly more than twelve hours non-stop.

göl, ada, dağ, sehir, cadde, ilçe, eyalet, ülke isimleri:

Lake Van, Long Island, Mount Ararat, Dublin, West Street, Tyler County, Texas, Algeria

3

Determiners

Kelimelerden önce gelerek miktarlarını belirtirler. Bu konuda öncelikli olarak bilmemiz

gereken countable ve uncountable isimler.bunun için sözlük kullanmakta fayda var.

some (of) (biraz)

They took some papers with them. (birkaç kağıt) [C]

Some of the papers were torn. (kağıtların bazıları) [C]

I want some information about her. (biraz bilgi) [U]

Some of the information was wrong. (bilgilerin bazıları) [U]

any (hiç)

sadece soru veya olumsuz cümlelerde kullanılır.

Do you have any problems? [C]

Do you have any sugar? [U]

She didn’t bring any presents for us. [C]

I won’t take any responsibility. [U]

many/ much (of) (çok)

There were not many guests yesterday. (çok misafir) [C]

Many of the guests were from Monaco. (misafirlerin çoğu) [C]

I don’t have much time. (çok zaman) [U]

She spends much of her time on chatting. (zamanının çoğunu) [U]

few/ little

olumsuz manada az anlamında.

Few people eat sushi in Turkey.(pek az insan) [C]

Few of the people die in prosperity. (insanların pek azı)

There is little food left for him. (çok az yemek) [U]

Little of the food is left.(yemeğin azı)

a few/ a little

olumlu manada az

There are few trees on the road. (birkaç ağaç) [C]

Few of the trees are pine. (ağaçların birkaçı) [C]

There is a little cheese in the fridge. (biraz peynir) [U]

A little of the cheese is used. (peynirin birazı) [U]

a lot/ lot of / lots of (pek çok)

You can see lots of cars on the street. [C]

He earns a lot of money. [U]

I don’t know him a lot. [U]

4

neither/ either/ both of

Đki seyden bahsederken

She has two sons. I like neither of them. (ikisini de sevmem) [C]

I like either of them. (ikisini de severim) [C]

I like both of them. (ikisini de severim) [C]

each/ every (her biri/ her)

You can have two sandwiches each. [C]

Each of you can have two sandwiches. [C]

Every student must come on time. [C]

no/ none of (hiç)

There is no trouble about the schedule. [C]

None of the troubles were solved. [C]

She has no love for you. [U]

None of her love is for you. [U]

all/ all of (hepsi)

There were seven plates. We bought them all. [C]

We bought all of them. [C]

whole (tamamı)

He ate the whole pizza. [C]

I want the whole story. [U]

Demonstratives

This novel is on love. [C] This meal is cold. [U]

That novel is on love. [C] That meal is cold. [U]

These novels are boring. [C] No [U]

Those novels are boring. [C] No [U]

Possessive Adjectives

my, your, our, his, her, its, their, Gina’s, school’s, garage’s

They will see her new flat.

Hospital’s ER is full with injured people.

Articles

a/ an/ the/ Ø

They saw a snake on the grass.

Determiners

Kelimelerden önce gelerek miktarlarını belirtirler. Bu konuda öncelikli olarak bilmemiz

gereken countable ve uncountable isimler.bunun için sözlük kullanmakta fayda var.

some (of) (biraz)

They took some papers with them. (birkaç kağıt) [C]

Some of the papers were torn. (kağıtların bazıları) [C]

I want some information about her. (biraz bilgi) [U]

Some of the information was wrong. (bilgilerin bazıları) [U]

any (hiç)

sadece soru veya olumsuz cümlelerde kullanılır.

Do you have any problems? [C]

Do you have any sugar? [U]

She didn’t bring any presents for us. [C]

I won’t take any responsibility. [U]

many/ much (of) (çok)

There were not many guests yesterday. (çok misafir) [C]

Many of the guests were from Monaco. (misafirlerin çoğu) [C]

I don’t have much time. (çok zaman) [U]

She spends much of her time on chatting. (zamanının çoğunu) [U]

few/ little

olumsuz manada az anlamında.

Few people eat sushi in Turkey.(pek az insan) [C]

Few of the people die in prosperity. (insanların pek azı)

There is little food left for him. (çok az yemek) [U]

Little of the food is left.(yemeğin azı)

a few/ a little

olumlu manada az

There are few trees on the road. (birkaç ağaç) [C]

Few of the trees are pine. (ağaçların birkaçı) [C]

There is a little cheese in the fridge. (biraz peynir) [U]

A little of the cheese is used. (peynirin birazı) [U]

a lot/ lot of / lots of (pek çok)

You can see lots of cars on the street. [C]

He earns a lot of money. [U]

I don’t know him a lot. [U]

neither/ either/ both of

Đki seyden bahsederken

She has two sons. I like neither of them. (ikisini de sevmem) [C]

I like either of them. (ikisini de severim) [C]

I like both of them. (ikisini de severim) [C]

each/ every (her biri/ her)

You can have two sandwiches each. [C]

Each of you can have two sandwiches. [C]

Every student must come on time. [C]

no/ none of (hiç)

There is no trouble about the schedule. [C]

None of the troubles were solved. [C]

She has no love for you. [U]

None of her love is for you. [U]

all/ all of (hepsi)

There were seven plates. We bought them all. [C]

We bought all of them. [C]

whole (tamamı)

He ate the whole pizza. [C]

I want the whole story. [U]

Demonstratives

This novel is on love. [C] This meal is cold. [U]

That novel is on love. [C] That meal is cold. [U]

These novels are boring. [C] No [U]

Those novels are boring. [C] No [U]

Possessive Adjectives

my, your, our, his, her, its, their, David’s, government’s

We will visit their new house.

Hospital’s ER is full with injured people.

GREETING AND MEETING 

(SELAMLAŞMA VE TANIŞMA)

   

Ann: Hi, I’m Ann. What’s your name?

Tom: I’m Tom. What’s your name?

David: My name’s David.

Tom: Nice to meet you, David.

David: Nice to meet you, too.

My name’s Mark.

Hi Mark. I’m Carlos. Where are you from?

I’m from England. Are you Spanish?

No, I’m not. I’m Mexican.

Hello, Are you Mary?

No, I’m not. I’m Jane.

Are you the new accountant?

No, I’m not. I’m the new secretary.

Are you from England?

No I’m not. I’m from Italy.

+		I am the new secretary.
-		You are not the new manager.
?		Are you the new secretary?	Yes I am. No, I ’m not.
?	Where are you from?		I’m from Italy.

1. My name is Aynur.

2. Mary is from England.

3. Are you a student? 

4. We are at school.

5. Carlos is from Brazil. 

6. Selma isn’t from Ankara.

7. The cat is in the garden. 

8. Is she a Muslim? 

9. Is London in England? 

10. Is he at school now? 

           TEST 1

1. They ______ German.

   a am.     b. is    c. are

2. Where _____ you from?

   a. are     b. is    c. am

3. Is ______ in Antalya?

   a. they      b. he    c. we

4. She is ______ Syria.

   a. in    b. from   c. not

5. My _____ is Bob. _____ is your name?

   a. name / Where      b. nice / What    c. name / What

6. You’re _______.

   a. from Paris     b. Paris    c. France

7. My secretary isn’t from ________.

   a. French      b. Italian     c. Germany

8. A: _______ is she from?  B: Venice.

   a. Who     b. What      c. Where

9. _______ are you? I’m Tarık.

   a. What    b. Who    c. Where

10. We _____ at home.

   a. are    b. is   c. am